b) batch processing :

(1) Performing a particular operation automatically on a group (batch) of files all at once rather than manually opening, editing and saving one file at a time is called batch processing.
- For example, graphics software that converts a selection of images from one format to another would be a batch processing utility.

(2) batch processing is when processing a group of transactions at one time. Transactions are collected and processed against the master files (master files updated) at the end of the day or some other time period.
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/batch+processing

A better example would be :
if you try to deposit money to a foreign account (bank account in another country), the bank would just put your request in queue with all the other inter-bank/country requests and process them at the end of the day or when they reach a certain amount.